Have you ever held a gemstone and wondered about its journey? That small, radiant stone—flawlessly cut and bursting with colour—is more than just a piece of jewellery; it’s a fragment of Earth’s ancient history, shaped over millions of years. Gemstones aren’t just admired for their beauty—they hold meaning, capture memories, and carry stories that transcend time.
From the fiery red of ruby to the serene green of emerald, gemstones have held a special place in human culture for centuries. They’ve adorned royalty, symbolised love, and been given as timeless tokens of affection and celebration.
We believe every gemstone tells a story, and choosing the right one is about finding a piece that resonates with you.
This guide explores the beauty and significance of the 10 most popular gemstones, highlighting their unique features and rich cultural meanings. Whether you are searching for the perfect gift or making a confident, informed purchase, we’re here to help you make the right choice. Let our expertise lead the way.
What Are Gemstones?
Gemstones are nature’s treasures—precious and semi-precious minerals and rare organic materials prized for their beauty, rarity, and resilience. From the dazzling brilliance of diamonds to the deep crimson glow of rubies, these mineral-based gems have captivated humanity for centuries. Organic gems, like ocean-born pearls or ancient amber, add a natural elegance that’s just as timeless.
They hold deep cultural and historical significance. They often symbolise love, power, and protection. But their allure goes beyond aesthetics—each gem boasts unique properties, from colour and clarity to hardness and brilliance. Their spectrum is breathtaking: Emeralds radiate lush greens, sapphires gleam in rich blues, and rubies burn with fiery reds. Some, like opals, even mesmerise with a magical play of shifting colours.
Understanding the Mohs Scale
One of the most critical considerations when choosing a gemstone is its hardness. But what exactly does “hardness” mean, and why does it matter? The Mohs Scale, developed by German mineralogist Friedrich Mohs in 1812, provides a clear and straightforward way to measure a gemstone’s resistance to scratching. This scale ranks minerals from 1 to 10, with higher numbers indicating greater hardness.
This scale is relative, meaning a diamond isn’t just slightly harder than a sapphire (rated 9)—it’s exponentially harder. This makes the Mohs Scale a practical tool for understanding how durable a gemstone will be in everyday use.
While hardness is inherent, gemstone durability is often enhanced through cutting and polishing techniques. These processes transform rough, raw materials into refined pieces that showcase their natural brilliance.
Understanding the Mohs Scale lets you decide which gemstones best suit your lifestyle and preferences.
Let’s explore the most popular ones and their unique qualities.
Top 10 Most Popular Gemstones
Here are the 10 most beloved gemstones that continue to shine in jewellery, collections, and traditions worldwide:
1. Diamond
While clear diamonds are the most iconic, they are also available in rare and captivating colours such as chocolate, pink, yellow, and blue—each adding a unique twist to this timeless gem. What makes a diamond truly valuable comes down to the “4 Cs”:
- Carat – The weight (and size) of the diamond.
- Cut – The precision of its shape and symmetry affects how brilliantly it sparkles.
- Colour – Ranging from pure, icy whites to vibrant, fancy hues.
- Clarity – The presence (or absence) of natural inclusions or blemishes.
A flawless diamond with an exceptional cut and vibrant colour isn’t just rare—it’s a true symbol of luxury and perfection. These gems remain the ultimate statement of beauty and value, whether sparkling in a classic engagement ring or showcased in a high-end masterpiece.
Significance: Diamonds have long been associated with power and status. Historically, they adorned royal crowns and sceptres. Today, they remain the ultimate symbol of luxury and commitment.
Birthstone: April
Hardness: 10
Diamonds are ageless and versatile, whether you’re buying a classic solitaire or a pair of statement earrings. Their durability ensures they last a lifetime, making them a perfect heirloom.
2. Emerald
Emeralds, a variety of beryl, are celebrated for their rich green hues that symbolise spring, renewal, vitality, love, and rebirth. Their vibrant colour and unique characteristics make them highly treasured gemstones.
One of the distinguishing features of emeralds is their inclusions, known as “jardin,” or garden, which add character and individuality to each stone. The finest emeralds showcase an even, vivid green without any yellow or blue undertones, making them particularly sought after.
When buying emeralds, colour should precede clarity, as a well-coloured emerald with minimal inclusions holds more significant value. Whether paired with diamonds or set in gold, emeralds create a stunning statement, making them a cherished addition to any collection.
Significance: Cleopatra, the Egyptian queen, was famously enamoured with emeralds and used them to showcase her wealth and power.
Birthstone: May
Hardness: 7.5–8
3. Sapphire
Sapphires, often associated with wisdom, loyalty, and truth, are best known for their royal blue hue. However, they also come in pink, yellow, green, and purple. Blue sapphires remain iconic, with the finest specimens traditionally sourced from Sri Lanka and Myanmar.
Sapphires are cherished for their deep, velvety hues and exceptional transparency, making them popular for engagement rings, necklaces, and earrings. When choosing a sapphire, consider its colour and clarity. The best sapphires are vivid, evenly coloured, and free from visible flaws. Whether worn as a statement ring or a subtle pendant, sapphires exude timeless sophistication.
Significance: Sapphires have historically been linked to royalty and divinity. Princess Diana’s sapphire engagement ring, now worn by Princess Kate, solidified its place as a symbol of elegance.
Birthstone: September
Hardness: 9
4. Opal
Opals are truly one-of-a-kind gemstones, renowned for their mesmerising play of colours, known as opalescence. This magical effect happens when tiny silica spheres within the stone scatter light, creating a shimmering display of vibrant hues—from fiery reds and oranges to soothing blues and greens. No two opals are ever the same, making each one a captivating creation of nature’s artistry. Their ever-changing colours and ethereal glow have made opals symbolise creativity, mystery, and timeless beauty.
Most opals come from Australia, the world’s leading producer, though they are also found in Mexico, Brazil, and the United States. Popular varieties include black, white, and fire opals, each with a distinct charm.
When purchasing an opal, look for vibrant colours and a consistent play of light. Protect your opal jewellery from harsh impacts and extreme temperatures.
Significance: Opals have long been associated with creativity and emotional balance. They are believed to enhance inspiration and protect against negative energy.
Birthstone: October
Hardness: 5.5–6.5
5. Amethyst
Amethysts, the purple variety of quartz, are cherished for their stunning colour and affordability. Their hues range from soft lavender to deep, vibrant purple, with Siberian amethysts being especially prized for their rich, intense shades.
When choosing an amethyst, look for stones with even colouring and minimal inclusions. Whether worn as a bold statement piece or a subtle accent, amethysts bring a touch of elegance and serenity to any look.
Significance: The name of this gemstone comes from the Greek word “amethystos,” which means “not intoxicated.” Ancient Greeks believed wearing amethyst could ward off drunkenness and promote clarity of mind. Amethyst is often associated with tranquillity, balance, and spiritual growth. It’s a popular choice for meditation and holistic practices.
Birthstone: February
Hardness: 7
6. Topaz
Topaz shines in various breathtaking colours, from golden yellows and gentle pinks to the ever-popular vibrant blue. Though blue topaz is beloved in jewellery, natural blue stones are rare. Most achieve their bold colour through heat treatment and irradiation, giving otherwise pale topaz its brilliant, sought-after hue.
When selecting topaz, consider the depth of colour and clarity. Whether you prefer the classic golden hue or the contemporary coolness of blue topaz, this gemstone adds sophistication to any jewellery collection.
Significance: The most famous topaz, the “Braganza Diamond,” was once mistaken for a diamond and now resides among Portugal’s crown jewels. Topaz has been revered for centuries and is often associated with protection, prosperity, and emotional balance.
Birthstone: November
Hardness: 8
7. Garnet
Garnets are commonly known for their deep red hues but come in various colours, including green, orange, and pink. The name garnet is derived from the Latin word “granatus,” meaning “grain,” because the stone resembles the tiny red seeds of a pomegranate.
When purchasing garnets, look for stones with vivid colours and minimal inclusions. Whether set in a vintage-style ring or a modern pendant, garnets are a versatile and meaningful addition to any jewellery collection.
Significance: Red garnets are often associated with love, passion, and energy, while green garnets symbolise prosperity and abundance. Garnets were historically used as talismans for protection and healing.
Birthstone: January
Hardness: 6.5-7.5
8. Tanzanite
Tanzanite, discovered only in 1967, is one of the rarest gemstones found exclusively in Tanzania near Mount Kilimanjaro. Its stunning blue-violet hue, caused by the presence of vanadium, sets it apart from all other gemstones. This rare stone exhibits pleochroism, which changes colour when viewed from different angles.
When buying tanzanite, prioritise vivid blue-violet hues with high clarity. This gem’s rarity and uniqueness make it a valuable addition to any jewellery collection.
Significance: Tanzanite is often associated with transformation and spiritual growth. It is believed to bring emotional balance and clarity, making it a popular choice for those seeking peace and insight.
Birthstone: December
Hardness: 6–7
9. Peridot
Peridot is a striking gemstone with a bright green hue that radiates positivity and warmth. It is one of the few gemstones that comes in only one colour. However, its intensity can range from yellow-green to rich olive green.
Peridot, a variety of olivine minerals, forms deep in the Earth’s mantle and is occasionally found in meteorites. Along with diamonds, it is one of the only two gemstones that originate not in the Earth’s crust but in the molten rock of the upper mantle.
When choosing peridot, look for stones with vivid colour and minimal inclusions. This cheerful gemstone is perfect for adding a pop of colour to your jewellery collection while promoting feelings of positivity and well-being.
Significance: In ancient Egypt, the peridot was known as the “gem of the sun,” it was believed to protect its wearer from negative emotions.
Birthstone: August
Hardness: 6.5-7
10. Aquamarine
Aquamarine, with its serene blue-green hues, captures the tranquillity of the ocean. This gemstone is a variety of beryl in the same mineral family as emeralds. Its lighter, more delicate shades exude a refreshing and calming charm. The finest aquamarines are prized for their near-perfect transparency and vibrant hues, ranging from pale blue to deep teal.
When selecting an aquamarine, focus on clarity, colour saturation, and cut. A well-cut stone enhances its brilliance, making it a captivating choice for casual and formal jewellery.
Significance: Aquamarine is often associated with clarity, harmony, and renewal. In ancient lore, it was believed to promote courage and reduce stress, making it a meaningful choice for those seeking peace and balance.
Birthstone: March
Hardness: 7.5–8
These top 10 gemstones remain timeless choices for jewellery, symbolising elegance, personal style, and lasting value across cultures and trends.
How to Choose the Right Gemstone?
Selecting the perfect gemstone involves thoughtful consideration. Here are a few quick tips from us:
- Purpose: Choose durable stones like diamonds or sapphires for daily wear. Softer gems like opals or pearls are suitable for occasional use.
- Hardness: Check the Mohs Scale—harder stones (8–10) are ideal for rings, while softer ones (5–7) work best for earrings or pendants.
- Symbolism: Choose a gem with personal meaning, such as birthstones, or qualities like tranquillity (amethyst) or renewal (emerald).
- The Four Cs: Prioritise vibrant colour, excellent cut, minimal inclusions, and a carat size within your budget.
- Source: Purchase from trusted jewellers with certification for authenticity and quality.
Customise your Gemstone Jewellery with Holdsworth Bros
Gemstones are nature’s creations, each carrying its own unique story. From the brilliance of diamonds to the vibrant green of emeralds and the deep red of rubies, they connect us to the Earth’s rich history. At Holdsworth Bros., we craft jewellery that celebrates the exceptional beauty of rare gemstones while capturing your personal vision.
With over a century of expertise, we specialise in sourcing some of the world’s most unique and rare gemstones. Our collection includes stunning purple garnets, mint green garnets, and a variety of sapphires in pink, golden, and teal shades.
We also offer full customisation, allowing you to design a piece that perfectly matches your style and taste—our team is here to bring your vision to life.
Visit us in one of our Melbourne stores or book an appointment online to start your journey today. Let’s create something extraordinary together!
